Smart ports utilize technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, and artificial intelligence to enhance operational efficiency and service quality. With the growth of global trade and the advancement of modern technologies, several countries have entered a phase of rapid smart port development. In recent years, countries like the Netherlands, Singapore, and the United Arab Emirates have accelerated the automation and digital transformation of port infrastructure and equipment, strengthening intelligent port operations and enhancing the competitiveness of port logistics systems.
Port of Rotterdam, Netherlands —
Integrating Drones for Daily Inspection & Enhancing Digital Logistics
The Port of Rotterdam is one of the largest ports in Europe. In 2023, its cargo throughput reached 438.8 million tonnes. As a pioneer in terminal automation, most container loading and stacking in the port are now computer-controlled and handled automatically by container cranes. In recent years, the port has continued to drive technological innovation to improve its level of smart operations.
At the end of 2022, Rotterdam began using drones for routine inspections. These drones fly weekly over the port to monitor refueling activities, water pollution, cargo transfers, hazardous materials, air quality, and onboard repairs. In emergencies, drones can quickly deliver medical supplies, ship parts, or cargo samples to the scene, significantly improving emergency response efficiency.
In January 2023, the digital platform “Next Generation Logistics” was launched. This platform collects data on the docking location, time, and cargo of every ship in the port and quickly generates optimal plans for unloading and loading, serving as the port’s “central processor.” In 2023 alone, 1 million containers were managed through the platform, cutting transfer times by one-fifth. Currently, about 60% of land transport volume in the port is scheduled and coordinated through this platform.
In November 2023, Rotterdam introduced a dedicated 17-kilometer closed-loop container exchange route. This “container highway” connects various terminals, warehouses, and customs checkpoints within the port and includes three intersections, five railway crossings, lighting, cables and pipelines, traffic lights, and barriers. A variety of transport modes—multi-trailer systems, chassis-based terminal tractors, and standard trucks—are used to transfer containers along this route. In addition, to accommodate cargo of various sizes, several 10 ton overhead cranes have been installed in the port warehouses, significantly enhancing the flexibility and efficiency of loading and unloading operations.
Rotterdam Port Authority CEO Boudewijn Siemons highlighted the innovation of the container exchange route, stating that it greatly contributes to smart development and safe, efficient operations. “We remain committed to building a smarter and more efficient port, solidifying Rotterdam’s role as a global container hub.”
Port of Singapore —
Optimizing Operational Systems & Improving Customs Clearance Efficiency
Singapore is one of the world’s busiest transshipment ports, handling 38.8 million TEUs (twenty-foot equivalent units) in 2023, ranking second globally. The port includes six main terminals: Jurong, Keppel, Tanjong Pagar, and others. In recent years, Singapore has vigorously promoted smart port development.
In 2018, Singapore introduced the Maritime Industry Transformation Map, aiming to strengthen R&D and accelerate the adoption of AI, big data analytics, and other emerging technologies. The updated 2022 version further emphasizes innovation and the development of smart maritime systems.
Singapore has launched a one-stop digital port platform, allowing shipping companies to submit all customs clearance documents to various government agencies in a single process—saving the maritime industry an estimated 100,000 man-hours annually. At the Maritime Data Hub, shipping companies and government agencies can share maritime information, such as vessel data, locations, and estimated arrival/departure times. A new ship traffic management system is also under development, offering real-time maritime traffic monitoring and congestion forecasting in port waters.
In 2021, Singapore’s first maritime drone testbed officially began operation. Numerous companies now test drone technologies for maritime use, such as delivering parcels from shore to ship, inspecting vessels, and collecting weather and vessel location data. A drone traffic management system oversees up to 500 drones, ensuring safe and efficient operations for deliveries and surveillance. Last year, the Singapore government announced the establishment of a dedicated drone port for ship supply deliveries.
To foster maritime innovation, the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore, National University of Singapore, and several corporate partners launched an industry accelerator program in 2018. The program encourages startups to collaborate with maritime stakeholders and holds an annual “Smart Port Challenge,” inviting global startups to propose smart port solutions. Selected startups can receive up to SGD 250,000 (approx. USD 190,000) in funding.
Singapore’s Transport Minister S. Iswaran remarked that with technological advancement, maritime technologies will have a growing impact on the efficiency and sustainability of maritime transport and port operations. Singapore continues to support the adoption of emerging technologies and seeks effective solutions for the future of maritime logistics.
Port of Jebel Ali, UAE —
Advancing Full Automation & Emphasizing Technological Innovation
Located southwest of Dubai, Jebel Ali Port is the largest in the Middle East and among the world’s top ten busiest container ports. It has 67 berths and 15 kilometers of quay length, handling over 14 million TEUs annually. To meet the growing container volume, Terminal 3 at Jebel Ali has adopted a fully automated model, integrating 18 internal systems to monitor and manage quay crane operations, berth planning, yard management, and truck dispatch in real time. The port is also equipped with numerous gantry cranes to support diverse terminal operations and ensure efficient loading and unloading.
To address challenges such as large land use and low efficiency in traditional container stacking, the port has developed the world’s first elevated container storage system. This system uses automated robots to stack containers up to 11 levels high like standardized goods, allowing fast retrieval and reducing unproductive movements. In combination with precision automated cranes, the overall handling efficiency is significantly improved.
In May, DP World announced a partnership with freight technology firm Einride to deploy 100 electric trucks at Jebel Ali Port. These trucks are internet-connected and managed by a smart central system that analyzes and optimizes freight flows within the port. They are expected to support around 1,600 container moves daily. Starting next year, the port will also pilot autonomous driving for electric trucks, marking the region’s largest deployment of electric freight vehicles to date.
Ibrahim, Head of IT at DP World, emphasized that over 90% of global trade is conducted via maritime transport. In the digital era, a port’s digital infrastructure is crucial for a stable and smooth supply chain. DP World places great importance on applying innovative technologies to promote smart port development.
Adjacent to the port lies the Jebel Ali Free Zone (JAFZA), home to over 9,000 businesses. China is one of its key trade partners. Sultan Ahmed Bin Sulayem, Chairman and CEO of DP World, stated that smart port development will further enhance global logistics connectivity and support Dubai’s goal of becoming a central hub for international trade. Jebel Ali Port aims to serve as a vital bridge linking Chinese goods to markets in the Middle East, Africa, and Europe.
